A Private Detective or Private Investigator (PI) is a person who conducts investigations, usually for a private citizen, business, or private investigation offices. They also can work for attorneys in civil cases or criminal cases on behalf of a defense attorney or a client. Many Private Investigators work for insurance companies to investigate suspicious insurance claims for that company. Some Private Investigators also are hired to search for evidence of adultery or other illegal conduct within a marriage to establish grounds for divorce or child custody. Within the Private Investigation Industry, nationwide adultery or other "socially unexcitable behavior" by spouses and partners is one of the most profitable activities investigators undertake.
Private Detectives also conduct process serves, background checks, skip tracing, and locating of missing persons. Many agencies across the country specialize in one particular field of expertise. For example, some PI agencies deal only in skip tracing, others may specialize in surveillance, and still, others may specialize in bug detection which is the locating and disposing of unwanted forms of electronic surveillance often found in corporate espionage or personal eves dropping cases. Some of the other many specialties a PI might have is Fraud Investigations, Personal Security or Bodyguard details, and Computer Forensics to name a few.
Private Detectives and Private Investigators often work irregular hours due to the needs of their case which require them to conduct surveillance and contact people who may or may not be available during normal working hours. Early morning, evening, weekend, and holiday work are common. Most Private Detectives and Private Investigators spend a majority of their time away from their offices conducting interviews or surveillance, but some work in their offices most of the day conducting computer searches and making phone calls. Those who have their own agencies and employ other investigators may work primarily in an office and have normal business hours. Sometimes an investigation calls for the investigator to be armed, such as for certain bodyguard assignments for corporate or celebrity clients. Detectives and investigators who carry handguns must be licensed by the appropriate authority in most cases to carry a firearm on duty. In most cases, however, a weapon is not necessary, because the purpose of the work is gathering information and not law enforcement or criminal apprehension.
Most states require that Private Investigators be licensed. Some Private Detectives are former police officers or former military, although many do not have that kind of professional background. Many states have strict laws that govern and regulate the Private Investigation industry in their state. A Private Investigator often works long hours, keeping detailed notes and videos for reports to supply to their clients, and often spends most of their time in the field conducting surveillance-related work. Many Private Detectives have college degrees or have taken legal or criminal investigation-related courses to better prepare themselves for their particular field of investigation. Private Detectives and Private Investigators typically have previous experience in other occupations that prepares them for their career as Private Investigator. Some previously worked for insurance or collections companies, in the private security industry, or as paralegals. Many investigators enter the field after serving in law enforcement, the military, government auditing, investigative positions, or federal intelligence jobs, which makes them an expert in that field of investigation due to their experience.
Former law enforcement officers, military investigators, and government agents, often become Private Detectives or Private Investigators, others from such fields as finance, accounting, commercial credit, investigative reporting, insurance, law, etc. These individuals often can apply their prior work experience in a related investigative specialty and be considered experts in their field.
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